COMPUTER
TERMS GLOSSARY:-
Terms
Beginning with "A"
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Short for "Abnormal
end." An abend is an unexpected or abnormal end to a process. In
computer software, it typically...
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Microsoft Access, often
abbreviated "MS Access," is a popular database application for
Windows. Access allows users to...
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An access point provides
wireless access to a network. Devices connected to an access point can
communicate with other...
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Stands for "Access Control
List." An ACL is a list of user permissions for a file, folder, or other
object. It...
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Active-matrix technology is
used in high-quality flat-panel displays, such as laptop screens and thin
computer...
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This Microsoft-based technology
was built to link desktop applications to the World Wide Web. Using
ActiveX...
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"Ad Hoc" is actually
a Latin phrase that means "for this purpose." It is often used to
describe solutions that are...
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Stands for
"Analog-to-Digital Converter." Since computers only process digital
information, they require digital...
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An add-on is a software
extension that adds extra features to a program. It may extend certain
functions within the...
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Stands for "Automatic
Document Feeder." An ADF is used in copiers and scanners to feed pages
into the machine. It...
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Stands for "Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line." ADSL is a type of DSL, which is a method of
transferring data over...
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Adware is free software that is
supported by advertisements. Common adware programs are toolbars that sit on
your...
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Website affiliates are what
drive Internet marketing. Companies run affiliate programs to generate leads
and sales...
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Stands for "Accelerated
Graphics Port." This is a graphics card expansion port designed by Intel
that resides on the...
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Stands for "Audio
Interchange File Format." AIFF is an audio format originally developed
by Apple Computer for storing...
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Stands for "Advanced
Interactive Executive," though some Linux fans have been known to refer
to it as "Ain't UNIX...
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An alert box, sometimes called
a message box, is a small window that pops up on your screen to warn you that
your...
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An algorithm is a set of
instructions, sometimes called a procedure or a function, that is used to
perform a certain...
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As humans, we perceive the
world in analog. Everything we see and hear is a continuous transmission of
information to...
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Android is Google's mobile
(operating system|operating_system) (OS) that is used by several smartphones,
such as the...
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Stands for "American
National Standards Institute." ANSI's primary goal is to enhance the
global competitiveness of...
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Stands for "Application
Program Interface," though it is sometimes referred to as an
"Application Programming...
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Apple is the company that makes
Macintosh computers, such as the iMac, Mac mini, MacBook, MacBook Air,
MacBook Pro, and...
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This a Java program that can be
embedded in a Web page. The difference between a standard Java application
and a Java...
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An application, or application
program, is a software program that runs on your computer. Web browsers,
e-mail...
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Archie is a program used for
finding files stored on FTP (File Transfer Protocol) servers. Archie is not
used very...
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An archive contains multiple
files and/or folders within a single file. Archives can be saved in several
different...
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Stands for "Address Resolution
Protocol." ARP is a protocol used for mapping an IP address to a
computer connected to...
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An array is a data structure
that contains a group of elements. Typically these elements are all of the
same data...
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Stands for "American
Standard Code for Information Interchange." ASCII is the universal
standard for the numerical...
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Just to confuse ordinary people
like you and me, there are two equally important definitions of ASP. The term
can...
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ASP.NET is a set of Web
development tools offered by Microsoft. Programs like Visual Studio .NET and
Visual Web...
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Stands for "Advanced
Technology Attachment." It is a type of disk drive that integrates the drive
controller directly...
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Stands for "Asynchronous
Transfer Mode." Most people know of ATMs as automated teller machines --
those friendly boxes...
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An autoresponder is a program
or script on a mail server that automatically replies to e-mails. Though it
is run from...
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An avatar is an online
character that represents a person. For example, games like World of Warcraft
and the Sims...
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Terms
Beginning with "B"
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Just like the human backbone
carries signals to many smaller nerves in the body, a network backbone
carries data to...
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There are two types of buses
that carry data to and from a computer's CPU. They are the frontside bus and
backside...
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Backup is the most important
computer term you should know. A backup is a copy of one or more files
created as an...
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Bandwidth refers to how much
data you can send through a network or modem connection. It is usually
measured in bits...
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Whether you like it or not,
much of the Web is run by advertising. Just like television or radio,
websites can offer...
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The term "base
station" was first used to refer to the towers you see on the side of
the road that relay cell phone...
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A baseband signal is an
original transmission signal that has not be modulated, or has been
demodulated to its original...
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Stands for "Beginner's
All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code." BASIC is a computer programming
language that was...
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A batch file is a type of
script that contains a list of commands. These commands are executed in
sequence and can be...
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As most computer users know,
some computing tasks can be tedious and repetitive. Fortunately, if a task is
indeed...
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Contrary to popular belief,
baud is not a direct measurement of data transfer speed, but instead it
measures how many...
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Stands for "Blind Carbon
Copy." When you send an e-mail to only one person, you type the
recipient's address in the...
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The term "bespoke"
comes from England where it originally referred to custom or tailor-made
clothing. In recent years...
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Before a commercial software
program is released to the public, it usually goes through a "beta"
phase. During this...
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Binary is a two-digit (Base-2)
numerical system, which computers use to store data and compute functions.
The reason...
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Biometrics refers to
technologies used to detect and recognize human physical characteristics. In
the IT world...
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Stands for "Basic
Input/Output System." Most people don't need to ever mess with the BIOS
on a computer, but it can be...
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The computer term
"bit" comes from the phrase "Binary DigIT," which is
different than that thing you put around a...
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Most images you see on your
computer are composed of bitmaps. A bitmap is a map of dots, or bits (hence
the name...
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Bitrate, as the name implies,
describes the rate at which bits are transferred from one location to
another. In other...
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BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer
(P2P) file sharing protocol designed to reduce the bandwidth required to
transfer files...
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If you're like me, you picture
a blob as a enigmatic green object that lacks a defined shape or size. In the
computer...
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Short for "Web Log,"
this term refers to a list of journal entries posted on a Web page. Anybody
who knows how to...
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Blu-ray is an optical disc
format such as CD and DVD. It was developed for recording and playing back
high-definition...
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This wireless technology
enables communication between Bluetooth-compatible devices. It is used for
short-range...
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Short for "Bitmap."
It can be pronounced as "bump," "B-M-P," or simply a
"bitmap image." The BMP format is a commonly...
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Similar to a real-life
bookmark, an Internet bookmark acts as a marker for a Web site. (In Internet
Explorer, they're...
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This is the logic that
computers use to determine if a statement is true or false. There are 4 main
boolean operators...
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When you boot a football, you
kick it really far. When you boot a computer, you simply turn it on. Kicking
your...
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A boot disk is actually not a
computer disk in the shape of a boot. If it was, most disk drives would have
a difficult...
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A boot sector is the first
section of a hard drive or other data storage media. It contains the master
boot record...
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Each time a computer boots up,
it goes through an initial series of processes. This sequence of events is
aptly named...
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This is an automated software
program that can execute certain commands when it receives a specific input
(like a...
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A botnet is a network of
computers that are controlled from a single source. While some botnets are
used for...
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The term "bounce" has
several different IT related meanings, yet none of them include bouncy balls.
The most common...
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Stands for "Bits Per
Second." (The "b" is lowercase because it stands for bits, not
bytes.) Bits per second is the...
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When a road needs to extend
across a river or valley, a bridge is built to connect the two land masses.
Since the...
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This refers to high-speed data
transmission in which a single cable can carry a large amount of data at
once. The most...
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You are probably using a
browser to read this right now. A Web browser, often just called a
"browser," is the program...
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A buffer contains data that is
stored for a short amount of time, typically in the computer's memory (RAM).
The...
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In the computer world, a bug is
an error in a software program. It may cause a program to unexpectedly quit
or behave...
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When you "burn a
disc," you write data on it. If you were taking an SAT test, the analogy
would look something like...
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While the wheels on the bus may
go "round and round," data on a computer's bus goes up and down.
Each bus inside a...
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A byte is a set of 8 bits that
represent a single character in the computer's memory. Do not confuse this
term with...
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Terms
Beginning with "C"
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C is a high-level programming
language that was developed in the mid-1970s. It was originally used for
writing Unix...
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A cable modem is used for
connecting to the Internet and is much faster than a typical dial-up modem.
While a 56K...
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This term is pronounced like
"cash" -- not "catch," and definitely not
"cashé." There are many different types...
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Stands for "Computer-Aided
Design." Also known by engineers and architects as the best invention of
all time. Today...
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Most digital cameras process
and compress the pictures you take immediately after capturing the image.
This can be...
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Caps lock is a feature nearly
all keyboards have that, when active, capitalizes each letter typed on the
keyboard...
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A captcha is a
challenge-response test that determines whether a user is human or an
automated bot. A typical captcha...
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"Card reader" is the
generic term for an input device that reads flash memory cards. It can be a
standalone device...
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Stands for "Carbon
Copy." The term comes from carbon copying, in which a piece of carbon
paper copies writing from one...
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Stands for "Charged
Coupled Device." CCDs are sensors used in digital cameras and video
cameras to record still and...
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Stands for "Compact
Disc." CDs are circular discs that are 4.75 in (12 cm) in diameter. The
CD standard was proposed...
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Stands for "Compact Disc
Recordable." CD-R discs are blank CDs that can record data written by a
CD burner. The word...
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Stands for "Compact Disc
Read-Only Memory." A CD-ROM is a CD that can be read by a computer with
an optical drive...
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Stands for "Compact Disc
Re-Writable." A CD-RW is a blank CD that can be written to by a CD
burner. Unlike a CD-R...
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Stands for "Code Division
Multiple Access." CDMA is a wireless transmission technology that was
developed during World...
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A cell is a location in a
spreadsheet defined by the intersection of a row and column. For example,
cell C7 is the...
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An SSL certificate, or secure
certificate, is a file installed on a secure Web server that identifies a
website. This...
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CGI stands for "Common
Gateway Interface" and is a standard set of rules that define how
scripts and programs can be...
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A character is any letter,
number, space, punctuation mark, or symbol that can be typed on a computer.
The word...
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A checksum is a calculated sum
used to check the integrity of a file. It can be generated from one of many
algorithms...
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Technically speaking, a computer
chip is a piece of silicon with an electonic circuit embedded in it. However,
the...
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A chipset describes the
architecture of an integrated circuit. This includes the layout of the
circuitry, the...
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Stands for "Complex
Instruction Set Computing." This is a type of microprocessor design. The
CISC architecture...
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A clean install is an
(operating system|operating_system) (OS) installation that overwrites all
other content on the...
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A simple definition of this
would be "the opposite of my bedroom." But technically speaking, a
clean room is a highly...
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In the real world, businesses
have clients. In the computer world, servers have clients. The
"client-server...
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Clip art is a collection of
pictures or images that can be imported into a document or another program.
The images may...
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The clipboard is a section of
RAM where your computer stores copied data. This can be a selection of text,
an image, a...
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CLOB is short for
"Character Large Object." It is a data type used to store large
amounts of character data. CLOBs...
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A clock cycle, or clock tick,
is one increment of the CPU clock, during which the smallest unit of
processor activity...
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Clock speed is the rate at
which a processor can complete a processing cycle. It is typically measured
in megahertz or...
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What do sheep, droids, and
computers all have in common? They can all be cloned! Of the three, computer
clones are by...
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Cloud computing is a general
term used to describe Internet services. These include social networking
services like...
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In the computer world, a
cluster can refer to two different things: 1) A group of sectors on a disk.
While a sector...
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Stands for "Complementary
Metal Oxide Semiconductor." This technology is typically used in making
transistors. The...
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Stands for "Cyan Magenta
Yellow Black." These are the four basic colors used for printing color
images. Unlike RGB...
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No, this is not just a cheap
rip-off of Kodak. The name "codec" is short for
"coder-decoder," which is pretty much...
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A command prompt is used in a
text-based or "command-line" interface, such as a Unix terminal or
a DOS shell. It is a...
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Computer software comes in
three different flavors: freeware, shareware, and commercial software.
Freeware is free to...
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Often abbreviated as simply
"CF," Compact Flash is a type of flash memory. Compact flash cards
are most commonly used...
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When programmers create
software programs, they first write the program in source code, which is
written in a specific...
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A compiler is a software
program that compiles program source code files into an executable program.
It is included as...
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Computers are made up of many
different parts, such as a motherboard, CPU, RAM, and hard drive. Each of
these parts...
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Technically, a computer is a
programmable machine. This means it can execute a programmed list of
instructions and...
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Ethics is a set of moral
principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual. Therefore,
computer ethics is...
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In the computing world, when
people talk about their computer configuration, they are referring to the
technical...
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A contextual menu is a pop-up
menu that appears when you right-click on a certain area of the screen. It
is...
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The Control Panel is a feature
of the Windows operating system that allows the user to modify system
settings and...
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The controller card, or simply
"controller," is a piece of hardware that acts as the interface
between the motherboard...
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It seems like everyone who
tries to explain what a cookie is just has to make a joke out of it (because
of the name...
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Many software programs allow
you to copy data, such as text in Microsoft Word or an image in Adobe
Photoshop. To copy...
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Copyright protects an author's
original work from being copied and republished by others. It gives the
author...
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Stands for "Cost Per
Action," and is used in online advertising. CPA defines how much revenue
a publisher receives...
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Stands for "Cost Per
Click," and is used in online advertising. CPC defines how much revenue
a publisher receives each...
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Stands for "Cost Per
Lead," and is used in online advertising. CPL defines how much revenue a
publisher receives when...
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Stands for "Cost Per 1,000
Impressions," and is used in online advertising. CPM defines the cost an
advertiser pays...
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Stands for "Classroom
Performance System." CPS refers to a technology system that is used for
educational purposes...
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Stands for "Central
Processing Unit." This is the pretty much the brain of your computer. It
processes everything...
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Stands for "Customer
Relationship Management." This is a business term that started somewhere
in the deep abyss of the...
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Also known as a "cron
job," a cron is a process or task that runs periodically on a Unix
system. Some examples of...
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When you crop an image or
photo, you remove part of the image. This may involve cutting some of the
image from the...
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Cross-browser means that a
website is compatible with multiple Web browsers. This means the Web pages
show up...
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Software that can run on
multiple types of computer systems. For example, the graphics program Adobe
Photoshop and the...
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Stands for "Cathode Ray
Tube." CRT is the technology used in traditional computer monitors and
televisions. The image...
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Stands for "Cascading
Style Sheet." Cascading style sheets are used to format the layout of
Web pages. They can be...
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Stands for "Composite
Theoretical Performance." CTP is used to measure the performance of
computer processors. The...
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Stands for "Click-Through
Rate," and is used in online advertising. Web publishers typically
generate revenue from...
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The cursor on your screen can
indicate two things: 1) where your mouse pointer is, or 2) where the next
character typed...
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The Cut command removes a
selected object and copies it to the clipboard. It performs both a Delete and
Copy operation...
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Cyberbullying involves
harassing, embarrassing, or threatening a young person via cyberspace. It
encompasses several...
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Cybercrime is criminal activity
done using computers and the Internet. This includes anything from
downloading illegal...
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Unlike most computer terms,
"cyberspace" does not have a standard, objective definition.
Instead, it is used to...
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A cybersquatter, or
"domainer," is someone who registers a domain name without
intending to create a website for it...
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Terms
Beginning with "D"
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Stands for
"Digital-to-Analog Converter" and is often pronounced
"dac." Since computers only recognize digital...
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The word "daemon"
actually comes from the Greek language, meaning an "inner or attendant
spirit" (Oxford American...
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Dashboard is a user-interface
feature Apple introduced with the release of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger. It allows access
to...
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Computer data is information
processed or stored by a computer. This information may be in the form of
text documents...
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Data management refers to the
way individuals, companies, and organizations manage computer data. It
includes micro...
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The data transfer rate is
commonly used to measure how fast data is transferred from one location to
another. For...
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A data type is a type of data.
Of course, that is rather circular definition, and also not very helpful.
Therefore, a...
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A database contains data stored
in a structured format. It includes one or more tables, which each contain multiple...
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Stands for "Database
Management System." In short, a DBMS is a database program. Technically
speaking, it is a...
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DDL is short for "Data
Definition Language." It is used to define the structure of a database,
including the tables...
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Stands for "Double Data
Rate." It is an advanced version of SDRAM, a type of computer memory.
DDR-SDRAM, sometimes...
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Stands for "Double Data
Rate 2." DDR2 RAM is an improved version of DDR memory that is faster
and more efficient. Like...
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Computer programmers, like
everybody else, are not perfect. This means the programs they write sometimes
have small...
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Even the most experienced
software programmers usually don't get it right on their first try. Certain
errors, often...
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This term is used to describe a
preset value for some option in a computer program. It is the value used when
a...
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Defragmenting your hard disk is
a great way to boost the performance of your computer. Though the term
"defragment...
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Ever wonder what that
"degauss" button on your monitor does besides make a buzzing noise
and cause the screen to go...
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Del.icio.us, pronounced simply
"delicious," is a community bookmarking website in which users can
save Web pages they...
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Delete is computer terminology
for remove or erase. You can delete text from a document of delete entire
files or...
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Your computer's desktop is much
like a physical desktop. You probably keep a number of commonly used items on
your...
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When documents and images are
printed, they are "published." Before computers became commonplace,
the publishing...
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Stands for "Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol." A network server uses this protocol to
dynamically assign IP...
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A dial-up connection uses a
modem to connect to an ISP or another computer. It uses standard analog phone
lines to...
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As the name implies, a dialog
box serves to initiate a dialog with the user. It is a window that pops up on
the screen...
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Digital information is stored
using a series of ones and zeros. Computers are digital machines because they
can only...
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A digital camera is an
electronic device that captures images in a digital format. It works in a
similar way to a...
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A digital signature is a block
of data that can be attached to documents such as PDFs, word processing
files, and...
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When you "digitize"
something, you convert it from analog to digital. For example, if you import
a VHS tape from a VCR...
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Stands for "Dual In-Line
Memory Module." It is a type of computer memory. A DIMM is a small
circuit board that holds...
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Direct Digital Marketing, or
DDM, is a type of marketing that is done through a digital medium. Common DDM
mediums...
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Direct3D is an application
program interface (API) developed by Microsoft that provides a set of
commands and functions...
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A directory is another name for
a folder. Files on your hard disk are organized into various folders, or
directories...
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DirectX is a set of standard
commands and functions that software developers can use when creating their
programs...
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The term "disk drive"
is a general term that describes a device that reads and/or writes data to a
disk. It is often...
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A disk image is a software copy
of a physical disk. It saves the entire data from the disk, including the
file...
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Dithering is a process that can
be applied to both digital images and audio files. For digital images,
dithering adds...
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Stands for "Dynamic Link
Library." A DLL (.dll) file contains a library of functions and other
information that can be...
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Stands for "Direct Memory
Access." DMA is a method of transferring data from the computer's RAM to
another part of the...
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Stands for "Domain Name
System." The primary purpose of DNS is to keep Web surfers sane. Without
DNS, we would have...
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DNS records are stored in zone
files and are used for translating domain names to IP addresses. They also
contain...
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The Dock is a feature of the
Mac OS X Finder that provides quick access to programs, files, and folders.
By default...
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While the term
"domain" is often used synonymously with "domain name,"
it also has a definition specific to local...
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This is the name that
identifies an Web site. For example, "microsoft.com" is the domain
name of Microsoft's Web site...
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A domain suffix is the last
part of a domain name. Common examples include ".com,"
".net," and ".org," though many...
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This funny-sounding computer
term has two widely different definitions that are completely unrelated: 1. A
security...
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Stands for "Disk Operating
System." DOS was the first (operating system|operating_system) used by
IBM-compatible...
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A dot matrix is a 2D matrix of
dots that can represent images, symbols, or characters. They are used for
electronic...
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This is the measurement used to
determine how sharp the display of a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor is. It is
measured...
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Double clicking involves
clicking your mouse button quickly two times. To perform a double click, and
not just two...
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This is the process in which
data is sent to your computer. Whenever you receive information from the
Internet, you...
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Stands for "Dots Per Inch."
DPI is used to measure the resolution of an image both on screen and in
print. As the...
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You can use your mouse to drag
icons and other objects on your computer screen. Dragging icons from your
desktop or an...
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Stands for "Dynamic Random
Access Memory." DRAM is a type of RAM that stores each bit of data on a
separate capacitor...
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This term usually refers to the
person behind the wheel of a moving car. In the computer world, however, a
driver is a...
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Stands for "Digital Rights
Management." DRM refers to a collection of systems used to protect the
copyrights of...
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A drop down menu is a
horizontal menu that displays a list of options when one of the primary menu
items is selected...
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Stands for "Digital
Subscriber Line." It is medium for transferring data over regular phone
lines and can be used to...
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Stands for "Digital
Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer." A DSLAM is a device used by
Internet Service Providers (ISPs...
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Stands for "Document Type
Definition." A DTD defines the tags and attributes used in an XML or
HTML document. Any...
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A dual-core processor is a CPU
with two processors or "execution cores" in the same integrated
circuit. Each processor...
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Stands for "Digital
Video." Unlike traditional analog video, which is captured frame by
frame on a tape, digital video...
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Stands for "Digital
Versatile Disc." It can also stand for "Digital Video Disc,"
but with the mulitple uses of DVDs...
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Stands for "Digital
Versatile Disc Recordable." DVD+R discs look the same as regular DVDs,
but can be used to record...
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Stands for "Digital
Versatile Disk Rewritable." A DVD+RW is like a DVD+R, but can be erased
and rewritten. DVD+RWs...
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Stands for "Digital
Versatile Disc Recordable." A DVD-R looks the same as a regular DVD, but
like a CD-R, it can be...
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DVD-RAM stands for
"Digital Versatile Disc - Random Access Memory." It is one of three
rewriteable DVD formats, along...
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Stands for "Digital
Versatile Disk Rewritable." A DVD-RW is like a DVD-R but can be erased
and written to again. Like...
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Stands for "Digital Video
Interface." DVI is a video connection standard created by the Digital
Display Working Group...
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Stands for "Digital Video
Recorder." A DVR is basically a VCR that uses a hard drive instead of
video tapes. It can...
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A dynamic website contains Web
pages that are generated dynamically. Each time a user accesses a page within
a dynamic...
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Terms
Beginning with "E"
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E-commerce
(electronic-commerce) refers to business over the Internet. Web sites such as
Amazon.com, Buy.com, and eBay...
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It's hard to remember what our
lives were like without e-mail. Ranking up there with the Web as one of the
most useful...
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In this day and age, most of us
receive several e-mails a day. Depending on your job, you may even receive
dozens of...
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Stands for "Error
Correction Code." ECC is used to verify data transmissions by locating
and correcting transmission...
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Stands for "Electronic
Data Interchange." EDI is a standardized method for transferring data
between different...
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Edutainment is one of those
combo words, like "guesstimate," that combines two regular words
into one term that really...
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EIDE is short for
"Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics" and is an improved version
of the IDE drive controller...
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These are the little text-based
faces and objects that you often see in e-mail and online chat. They help
give the...
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The term "emulation"
comes from the verb "emulate," which means to imitate or reproduce.
Therefore, computer emulation...
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Encryption is the coding or
scrambling of information so that it can only be decoded and read by someone
who has the...
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An end user is the person that
a software program or hardware device is designed for. The term is based on
the idea...
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Stands for "Encapsulated
PostScript." EPS is a PostScript image file format that is compatible
with PostScript...
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Just to be clear, the first
syllable is pronounced "eath" as in "Heath Bar," not like
"eth" as in Bethany. Some people...
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Stands for "Enterprise
Unified Process." EUP is a software development methodology that helps
companies create...
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An exabyte is 2 to the 60th
power, or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes. It can be estimated as 10 to the
18th power...
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A exbibyte is a unit of data
storage that equals 2 to the 60th power, or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes.
While a...
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Microsoft Excel is a
spreadsheet program for Windows and Macintosh computers. It is part of the
Microsoft Office...
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An expansion card is a printed
circuit board that can be installed in computer to add functionality to it.
For...
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Nearly all personal computers
come with an internal hard drive. This drive stores the computer's operating
system...
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If you know the difference
between the Internet and an intranet, you have an above average understanding
of computer...
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